The Jew Who Defeated Hitler Page 35

  1. Morgenthau Diaries, book 163, pp. 185–88.

  2. Ibid., p. 183; Morgenthau Diaries, book 173, pp. 69–71.

  3. Morgenthau Diaries, book 173, pp. 66–68.

  4. “Roosevelt Lets French Buy Planes,” New York Times, January 28, 1939, p. 1.

  5. Morgenthau Diaries, book 173, pp. 76–142.

  6. Presidential Diaries, July 31, 1939.

  7. Morgenthau Diaries, book 164, pp. 133–50.

  8. Ibid., pp. 47–51.

  9. Cordell Hull, The Memoirs of Cordell Hull (New York: MacMillan, 1948), p. 207.

  10. Morgenthau Diaries, book 138, p. 152.

  11. Herbert Levy, Henry Morgenthau, Jr.: The Remarkable Life of FDR’s Secretary of the Treasury (New York: Skyhorse Publishing, 2010), p. 350.

  12. Henry Morgenthau III, Mostly Morgenthaus: A Family History (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1991), p. 313.

  13. Morgenthau Diaries, book 165, pp. 184–85.

  14. Morgenthau Diaries, book 160, p. 1.

  15. “National Debt Nears the 45 Billion Limit,” New York Times, January 6, 1939, p. 13.

  16. Morgenthau Diaries, book 165, pp. 128–29.

  17. Morgenthau Diaries, book 182, pp. 9, 178.

  18. Ibid., p. 135.

  19. Ibid., p. 191.

  20. “U.S. Policies Block Upturn, N.A.M. Finds,” New York Herald Tribune, February 12, 1939, p. 13.

  21. “Mr. Morgenthau’s Pledge,” Chicago Tribune, February 28, 1939, p. 12.

  22. John Hanes Jr., letter to Elinor Morgenthau, September 26, 1940, Morgenthau Papers, box 116; Henry Morgenthau Jr., letter to Henry Morgenthau Sr., May 3, 1939, Morgenthau Papers, box 442.

  23. Morgenthau Diaries, book 189, p. 59.

  24. Morgenthau Diaries, book 154, pp. 349–50.

  25. Ibid.

  26. Morgenthau Diaries, book 168, pp. 27–31.

  27. Ibid., p. 31.

  28. Ibid., pp. 29–31.

  29. John Morton Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 1938–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), pp. 79–80.

  30. Morgenthau Diaries, book 200, p. 100.

  31. Morgenthau Diaries, book 142, p. 176.

  32. Ibid., pp. 269–83.

  33. Presidential Diaries, April 11, 1939.

  34. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, pp. 83–86.

  35. Morgenthau Diaries, book 170, pp. 263–67.

  36. Morgenthau Diaries, book 169, p. 124.

  37. Morgenthau Diaries, book 178, pp. 82–128.

  38. Morgenthau Diaries, book 168, pp. 27–31.

  39. “The Nation,” New York Times, March 12, 1939, p. 63.

  40. Arthur Krock, “New Deal Die-Hards Fight for Survival,” New York Times, March 12, 1939, p. 65.

  41. Walter Lippmann, “The Necessity for American Recovery,” New York Herald Tribune, March 7, 1939, found in Morgenthau Diaries, book 168, p. 111.

  42. Frank R. Kent, The Great Game of Politics, Wall Street Journal, March 28, 1939, p. 4.

  43. Paul Fredericksen, “Hanes—Student of Taxes,” New York Times, April 9, 1939, p. SM2; Turner Catledge, “Does It Contribute to Recovery?,” New York Times, June 4, 1939, p. SM2.

  44. Morgenthau Diaries, book 188, pp. 137–38.

  45. Catledge, “Does It Contribute to Recovery?,” p. SM2.

  46. Morgenthau Diaries, book 187, p. 140.

  47. Ibid., p. 204.

  48. Morgenthau Diaries, book 188, pp. 170–89.

  49. Morgenthau Diaries, book 189, pp. 39–61.

  50. Frank R. Kent, The Great Game of Politics, Wall Street Journal, May 12, 1939, p. 4.

  51. Morgenthau Diaries, book 189, pp. 39–61.

  52. “Morgenthau Vexed at President over Tax Parley Slight,” Chicago Tribune, May 17, 1939, p. 27.

  53. Presidential Diaries, May 16, 1939.

  54. Morgenthau Diaries, book 189, p. 190.

  55. Ibid.

  56. Morgenthau Papers, boxes 287 and 332.

  57. Ibid., box 618.

  58. Ibid., box 769.

  59. Presidential Diaries, May 18, 1939.

  60. Frank R. Kent, The Great Game of Politics, Wall Street Journal, May 12, 1939, p. 4.

  61. Arthur Krock, In the Nation, New York Times, December 26, 1939, p. 17.

  62. Morgenthau Diaries, book 192, p. 11.

  63. Frank R. Kent, The Great Game of Politics, Wall Street Journal, June 8, 1939, p. 4.

  64. “Protocol Rules at State Dinner,” New York Times, June 9, 1939, p. 9; “King Tries Hot Dogs and Asks for More,” New York Times, June 11, 1939, p. 1.

  65. Morgenthau Papers, box 175.

  66. Morgenthau Diaries, book 194, pp. 1–5.

  67. Ibid., p. 114.

  CHAPTER FOUR. THE PHONY WAR

  1. Presidential Diaries, August 31, 1939.

  2. Ibid., September 1, 1939.

  3. “Morgenthau Busy after Rush Home,” New York Times, September 5, 1939, p. 26.

  4. Arthur Krock, In the Nation, New York Times, August 30, 1939, p. 14.

  5. “Morgenthau on Way back on Coast Guard Cutter,” New York Times, August 30, 1939, p. 4; Morgenthau Diaries, book 209, p. 176; Robert Morgenthau, interview with the author, October 1, 2013.

  6. Presidential Diaries, October 5, 1939.

  7. Ibid., September 11, 1939.

  8. Ibid., September 18, 1939; Morgenthau Diaries, book 210, p. 12.

  9. “Army & Navy: Scandalous Spats,” Time, October 9, 1939, p. 16.

  10. Morgenthau Diaries, book 210, p. 224.

  11. Presidential Diaries, September 18, 1939.

  12. Ibid., October 14, 1939.

  13. David M. Kennedy, ed., The Library of Congress World War II Companion (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2007), p. 202.

  14. Presidential Diaries, October 6, 1939.

  15. Morgenthau Diaries, book 221, p. 154.

  16. John Morton Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 1938–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), p. 104.

  17. Ibid., p. 103.

  18. Morgenthau Diaries, book 209, pp. 140–42.

  19. Ibid., p. 142.

  20. Ibid., pp. 140, 178.

  21. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 106.

  22. Presidential Diaries, October 9, 1939.

  23. Morgenthau Diaries, book 216, pp. 206a–206b.

  24. Morgenthau Diaries, book 220, p. 132a.

  25. Morgenthau Diaries, book 221, p. 365.

  26. Ibid., p. 150.

  27. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 110.

  28. Morgenthau Diaries, book 222, p. 18.

  29. Morgenthau Diaries, book 225, p. 41.

  30. Presidential Diaries, December 12, 1939.

  31. Morgenthau Papers, boxes 106, 166, and 237.

  32. Morgenthau Diaries, book 216, p. 206.

  33. Stephen Wise, letter to Henry Morgenthau Jr., December 12, 1939, Morgenthau Papers, box 106.

  34. Presidential Diaries, September 18, 1939.

  35. Frank R. Kent, The Great Game of Politics, Wall Street Journal, March 10, 1939, p. 4.

  36. Morgenthau Diaries, book 87, pp. 421–55.

  37. Presidential Diaries, September 25, 1939.

  38. “Tax on Small Man Sought by Eccles,” Associated Press, found in New York Times, November 9, 1939.

  39. Presidential Diaries, November 21, 1939.

  40. “Wall Street Comment,” New York Herald Tribune, December 6, 1938, found in Morgenthau Diaries, book 155, p. 46.

  41. Presidential Diaries, October 9, 1939; “Treasury to Lift Its Bill Offering,” New York Times, October 10, 1939, p. 38.

  42. Presidential Diaries, November 21, 1939.

  43. “Treasury Offers $500,000,000 of 2s” New York Times, November 28, 1939, p. 37.

  44. Morgenthau Diaries, book 212, p. 47.

  45. Ibid., p. 216e.

  46. Presidential Diaries, September 20, 1939.

  47. Ibid., September 25, 1939.

  48. I
bid.

  49. Ibid., December 12, 1941.

  50. Ibid.

  51. Ibid.

  52. Ibid.

  53. Arthur Krock, In the Nation, New York Times, December 26, 1939, p. 17.

  54. Frank R. Kent, The Great Game of Politics, Wall Street Journal, December 26, 1939, p. 4.

  55. “Republic Gains in Congress Seen,” New York Times, October 24, 1940, found in Morgenthau Papers, box 116.

  CHAPTER FIVE. THE ASSISTANT PRESIDENT

  1. Harold L. Ickes, The Secret Diary of Harold L. Ickes: The First Thousand Days 1933–1936 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1953), p. 700.

  2. “Army & Navy: Scandalous Spats,” Time, October 9, 1939, p. 16.

  3. Morgenthau Diaries, book 221, pp. 358–64.

  4. Morgenthau Diaries, book 228, p. 200.

  5. John Morton Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 1938–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), p. 114.

  6. Morgenthau Diaries, book 212, pp. 23, 27.

  7. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 112.

  8. Presidential Diaries, January 24, 1940.

  9. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, pp. 123–25.

  10. “Elevated by Treasury,” New York Times, January 18, 1940, p. 40.

  11. Presidential Diaries, January 25, 1940.

  12. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Annual Budget Message,” January 3, 1940, from The American Presidency Project, John T. Woolley and Gerhard Peters, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15922 (accessed August 14, 2014).

  13. Presidential Diaries, January 8, 1940.

  14. Ibid.

  15. Morgenthau Diaries, book 235, pp. 96–101.

  16. Morgenthau Diaries, book 237, pp. 2–4.

  17. Ibid., pp. 153–55, 284–88.

  18. “Plane Purchasing up to Morgenthau,” New York Times, January 22, 1940, p. 3.

  19. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 108.

  20. “Morgenthau Talks Machine Tool and Arms Coordination,” Wall Street Journal, February 1, 1940, p. 3.

  21. Morgenthau Diaries, book 238, pp. 185, 295–302, 357–61.

  22. “Morgenthau Commends Handling of Aircraft Expansion Programs,” Wall Street Journal, February 6, 1940, p. 3.

  23. Presidential Diaries, March 3, 1940.

  24. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Excerpts from the Press Conference,” March 19, 1940, from Woolley and Peters, American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15925 (accessed August 14, 2014).

  25. “The Best Bargain We Can Jolly Well Make,” Fortune, April 1940, p. 70.

  26. Presidential Diaries, March 4, 1940.

  27. Ibid.

  28. Ibid.

  29. Ibid., March 12, 1940.

  30. Ibid.

  31. Ibid., March 12, 1940.

  32. Ibid.

  33. Hanson W. Baldwin, “Plane Exports Stir Capital Tempest,” New York Times, March 13, 1940, p. 8.

  34. “Plane Exports Stir Capital Tempest,” New York Times, March 13, 1940, p. 8; “Treasury Denies War Buying Hitch,” New York Times, March 19, 1940, p. 11; “President Praises Air Export Policy,” New York Times, March 20, 1940, p. 13; “Roosevelt Stand Halts Air Inquiry,” New York Times, March 12, 1940, p. 12.

  35. Associated Press, “Allies Contract for 1500 Planes,” found in New York Times, April 19, 1940, p. 8.

  36. Morgenthau Diaries, book 234, pp. 208–209.

  37. Presidential Diaries, March 19, 1940.

  38. Ibid., March 21, 1940.

  39. Ibid., March 31, 1940.

  40. Ibid., April 9, 10, and 16, 1940.

  41. “Mrs. Morgenthau Jr. in Hospital,” New York Times, April 25, 1940, p. 16.

  42. Presidential Diaries, April 18, 1940.

  43. Ibid., April 29, 1940.

  44. Ibid., May 10, 1940.

  45. Ibid.

  46. Ibid., May 13, 1940.

  47. Ibid.

  48. Morgenthau Diaries, book 262, pp. 172–76, 257.

  49. Martin Gilbert, Second World War (London: Stoddard, 1989), p. 64.

  50. Franklin D. Roosevelt, “Message to Congress on Appropriations for National Defense,” May 16, 1940, from Woolley and Peters, American Presidency Project, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=15954 (accessed August 14, 2014).

  51. Morgenthau Diaries, book 263, p. 321.

  52. Presidential Diaries, May 16, 1940.

  CHAPTER SIX. AIDING BRITAIN

  1. “Confusion Marks Battle of France,” New York Times, May 21, 1940, p. 2.

  2. Presidential Diaries, May 20, 1940.

  3. Ibid.

  4. Ibid., May 16, 1940.

  5. Ibid.

  6. Raymond Clapper, “Western Isolationists Altering Defense Views,” found in Syracuse Herald-Journal, June 17, 1940, p. 26.

  7. “Reaction Is Varied to Lindbergh Talk,” New York Times, May 21, 1940, p. 12.

  8. Presidential Diaries, May 20, 1940.

  9. Louis P. Lochner, “On the Attack,” Associated Press, found in New York Times, May 21, 1940, p. 1.

  10. “Pepper Urges Sale of Our War Planes,” New York Times, May 22, 1940, p. 10.

  11. Arthur Krock, “National Unity a Fact on the Security Front,” New York Times, May 26, 1940, p. E3.

  12. Presidential Diaries, May 20, 1940.

  13. Morgenthau Diaries, book 264, pp. 244–47.

  14. Morgenthau Diaries, book 263, pp. 297–98.

  15. “Senate Rushes Action,” New York Times, May 24, 1940, p. 1.

  16. John Morton Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, 1938–1941 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1965), p. 157.

  17. Morgenthau Diaries, book 266, pp. 281–83; Morgenthau Diaries, book 267, pp. 1–4.

  18. “Tax Rise Essential, Says Morgenthau,” New York Times, June 1, 1940, p. 6.

  19. “Aircraft Engine Makers Welcome Morgenthau Plan,” Wall Street Journal, May 24, 1940, p. 3.

  20. Presidential Diaries, June 19, 1940.

  21. “Knudsen to Direct Defense Tooling,” New York Times, June 4, 1940, p. 12; “Mass Building of Plane Engines by Automobile Industry Being Studied,” Wall Street Journal, June 4, 1940, p. 1.

  22. Morgenthau Diaries, book 268, pp. 82–94, 218–19.

  23. Walter Lippmann, “Western Isolationists Altering Defense Views,” June 3, 1940, found in Salt Lake Tribune, p. 5.

  24. William L. Langer and S. Everett Gleason, The Undeclared War 1940–1941: The World Crisis and American Foreign Policy (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1953), p. 185.

  25. Frank R. Kent, The Great Game of Politics, June 6, 1940, found in Charleston Daily Mail, p. 6.

  26. Ibid.

  27. Presidential Diaries, July 25, 1940.

  28. Ibid., June 9, 1940.

  29. Ibid., June 10, 1940.

  30. H. Duncan Hall, North American Supply (London: HMSO, 1955), p. 77.

  31. Ibid., p. 73.

  32. Ibid.

  33. Ibid., p. 76.

  34. Ibid.

  35. Morgenthau Diaries, book 283, pp. 184–85.

  36. Presidential Diaries, July 24 and 25, 1940.

  37. Henry Morgenthau Sr., letter to Henry Morgenthau Jr., July 21, 1940, Morgenthau Papers, box 442.

  38. Herbert Morrison, “The Munitions Situation,” report to the British War Cabinet, August 29, 1940, p. 3, found in the Public Records Office, London.

  39. Ibid.

  40. Ibid., p. 4.

  41. Morgenthau Diaries, book 267, pp. 165–67.

  42. Morgenthau Diaries, book 265, pp. 83–89.

  43. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 155.

  44. Morrison, “Munitions Situation,” p. 2.

  45. Morgenthau Diaries, book 269, p. 58.

  46. Presidential Diaries, June 18, 1940.

  47. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, pp. 163, 164.

  48. Presidential Diaries, July 17, 1940; Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 170.

&
nbsp; 49. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 172.

  50. Ibid., p. 349.

  51. Ibid., pp. 350–51.

  52. Morgenthau Diaries, book 285, pp. 317 ff.

  53. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 173.

  54. Morgenthau Diaries, book 286, pp. 122–26.

  55. Ibid., p. 284.

  56. Morgenthau Diaries, book 287, pp. 153–64.

  57. Morgenthau Diaries, book 287, p. 173.

  58. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 353.

  59. Edgar Snow, “Showdown in the Pacific,” Saturday Evening Post, May 31, 1941, pp. 27 ff.

  60. Henry Morgenthau III, Mostly Morgenthaus: A Family History (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1991), p. 292.

  61. Presidential Diaries, July 12, 1940.

  62. Eleanor Roosevelt, letters to Robert Morgenthau, October 5 and November 19, 1940, Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, box 723.

  63. “Amherst Aids Campaign,” New York Times, November 1, 1940, p. 26.

  64. Eleanor Roosevelt, letter to Elinor Morgenthau, December 19, 1940, Eleanor Roosevelt Papers, box 723.

  65. “Party for Joan,” Time, January 6, 1941.

  66. Joan Morgenthau, letter to Eleanor Roosevelt, December 28, 1940, Morgenthau Papers, box 723.

  67. Henry Morgenthau Sr., letter to Henry Morgenthau Jr., July 11, 1940, Morgenthau Papers, box 442.

  68. S. L. Woolf, “Morgenthau at 85 Recalls a Full Life,” New York Times, April 27, 1941, p. SM13.

  69. Elinor Morgenthau, letter to Eleanor Roosevelt, undated, Morgenthau Papers, box 723.

  70. Morgenthau, Mostly Morgenthaus, pp. 251, 304–306.

  71. Geoffrey T. Hellman, “Any Bonds Today? Part II,” New Yorker, January 29, 1944, p. 30.

  72. “Guards Irk Morgenthau,” New York Times, August 9, 1940, p. 4.

  73. Morgenthau Diaries, book 290, p. 35.

  74. Presidential Diaries, August 16, 1940.

  75. Ibid., September 19, 1940.

  76. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, pp. 184–85.

  77. Ibid., p. 183.

  78. Ibid., p. 187.

  79. Ibid.

  80. Morgenthau, Mostly Morgenthaus, p. 338.

  81. Donald M. Nelson, Arsenal of Democracy: The Story of American War Production (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1946), pp. 68–69.

  82. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 187.

  83. Presidential Diaries, October 27, 1940.

  84. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, pp. 193–95.

  85. Ibid., p. 199.

  86. Presidential Diaries, November 30, 1940.

  87. Blum, From the Morgenthau Diaries: Years of Urgency, p. 203.